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A charge of Injury to a Child, Elderly, or Disabled Individual is among the most sensitive and serious offenses in Texas. These cases carry heavy penalties, intense emotion, and a strong presumption against the accused. If you are under investigation or have been charged in Montgomery County or the Houston area, it is critical to involve a defense lawyer early. Brian Foley is a Board Certified criminal defense attorney and former Chief Prosecutor who has handled these cases from both sides.

What the Law Covers

Texas Penal Code § 22.04 protects three groups of people:

  • a child (14 years of age or younger),
  • an elderly individual (65 years of age or older), and
  • a disabled individual.

The offense can be committed by an act or, when a person has a legal duty to care for the protected individual, by an omission — a failure to act. The required mental state ranges from intentional conduct down to criminal negligence, and that mental state, combined with the degree of harm, determines how serious the charge is.

Punishment Ranges

The level of the offense under Section 22.04 turns on the mental state and the harm caused:

  • Intentionally or knowingly causing serious bodily injury — first-degree felony (5 to 99 years or life).
  • Recklessly causing serious bodily injury — second-degree felony (2 to 20 years).
  • Intentionally or knowingly causing bodily injury — generally a third-degree felony (2 to 10 years).
  • Lesser mental states and lesser harm reduce the level further, down to a state jail felony.

See our Texas punishment ranges for how these felony levels compare.

How These Cases Are Defended

These prosecutions frequently rest on medical opinion and assumptions about what happened. A strong defense looks closely at:

  • Accident vs. intent — many injuries to children and the elderly result from accidents or falls, not criminal conduct.
  • Alternate cause — a medical condition, a different caregiver, or a prior injury may explain the harm.
  • The medical evidence — independent review of the records and, where appropriate, defense medical experts.
  • Reasonable discipline — Texas law recognizes a parent's right to reasonably discipline a child.
  • Duty in omission cases — whether the accused actually had a legal duty to act.

Speak With Brian Foley Today

These cases move quickly and the stakes are enormous. If you are being investigated or have been charged in Conroe, The Woodlands, or anywhere in Montgomery County, contact Brian Foley Law PLLC for a free, confidential consultation before you speak with anyone else.

Frequently Asked Questions


What is Injury to a Child, Elderly, or Disabled Individual in Texas?
It is an offense under Texas Penal Code Section 22.04 that protects three groups: children (14 or younger), elderly individuals (65 or older), and disabled individuals. A person commits the offense by intentionally, knowingly, recklessly, or with criminal negligence causing serious bodily injury, serious mental impairment, or bodily injury — and it can be committed by act or, where there is a legal duty, by omission (failing to act).
How serious is a charge of injury to a child in Texas?
It depends on the mental state and the level of harm. Intentionally or knowingly causing serious bodily injury is a first-degree felony (5 to 99 years or life). Reckless serious bodily injury is a second-degree felony. Causing bodily injury intentionally or knowingly is generally a third-degree felony, and lower mental states or lesser harm reduce the level further. The grading under Section 22.04 is detailed, which makes an accurate charge analysis essential.
What are common defenses to an injury to a child charge?
Defenses depend on the facts and can include accident versus intent, an alternate cause of the injury (such as a medical condition or a different caregiver), the reasonable discipline of a child by a parent, lack of any legal duty to act in an omission case, and challenges to the medical evidence. Because these cases often rest on expert medical testimony, a careful, independent review of that evidence is critical.

Speak With Brian Foley Today


Free, confidential consultation with a Board Certified criminal defense attorney and former Chief Prosecutor.

(936) 596-0407